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I Patented Julyf1,.1941

UMTEDl STATES' PATENT OFFICE 'rRANscRmING'ArrAnA'rUs cian- D. Lake,Binghamton.' and Francia E. Hamilton, Endicott, 'N. Y., assignors toInterv national Business Machines Corporation,- New York, N. Y., acorporation of New York original application February i1, 1937, serialNo.

126,152. Divided and this application May 4,

1938, Serial No. 205,910.`

24 claims. (C1. 197;'20)

This case relates to an automatic writing or transcribing machine;specifically, a typewriter, controlled in its Ivarious functionsbyfcodeddesignations, and is a division. `of our application,

Serial No. 126,152, filed February 17, 1937.

An object of this invention is to provide novel case shift mechanism.-

Further, the object is to provide selection by a code of the characterto be transcribed as well as the form or case in transcribed.

Still further, the object is to provide means for eiiecting automaticcapitalization of data.l

'Ilhe object is, also, to provide for automatic capitalization ofalphabetical data designed by codes, such as indicated by perforationson record writer.

Fig. 2 is a side view of the reading unit, withA which the character isto bethe side of the casing removed to show the terior more clearly.Fig. 3 is @vertical section, taken along lines Fig. 4 is a plan' View ofthe driving means in the reading unit. l

Fig. 5 is a 'section along lines 5--5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 isla section along'lines 6--6 of Fig. 4.

Fig. '1 is a section along lines 'l--l of Fig. 1.

Fig.` 84 is a schematic View of the drive gearing, the shafts beingspread out horizontally for purposesv of illustration. f.

Figs. 9 to 16 are sections, respectively, along lines 9-9 to IG-I-G ofFig. 1.

Fig. 1'7 is an enlarged front detail view of the' adjustable ejectcontrolling circuit breaker.

Fig. 18 is a section along lines lli-I8 of Fig. 17. Fig. 19 is a planview showing the keyboard of the typewriter controlled by the readingunit. .Fig. 20`is a detail view showing the switch closed when the typebasket is in numeral case l, position.

Fig. 21 is a section view through the typewriter ,for form cards.

showing the letter or carriagespacing vmechanism.

Fig. 22 showsarecordlcard perforated with .the different codedesignations.

Fig. 23 shows a letter prepared by the machine. Fig. 23a shows a listprepared by the machine when -using a single source of perforatedcontrol records.

Fig. 24 is a the slidable top and side assembly of the hopper Fig. 25ais a part of the circuit diagram. v Fig. 25h vis `acontinuation of thecircuit diagram. A

Fig. -26 is thetiming diagram, and

Fig. 27 is an enlarged view of portions of the y timing diagram.

The machine will first be described as a duplex control unit; i. e., asemploying two sources or supplies of record cards for controlling thetypewriter to type commonand variable matter; spe- 'cifically,forJcontrolling the typewriter to type a complete letter, such as shownin Fig. 23, having as form or common matter, salutation, body, 'andcomplimentary close, and having .the inside address as the variabledata.

The central, longitudinal, section of the record o card reading ordecoding unitmaybe referred to as. the reading section. A

The' cards lbearing the form data may be re- ,ferred to as form cards orrecords FC; the maga- ,zine with/th form cards may be referred to as theform data source,- supply. or magazine'FM (Fig. 1); the feeding andejecting mechanism associated only with the form cards may be referredto as the form feeding and ejecting mechanism; and the entire section,including the form source, feeding, and electing means, and'located atthe left of the central, reading, section, (as

viewed from the bottom of the sheet bearing Fig.

1) may be referred to as the form section. Similarly, any part of themachine peculiar to the A form cards or data may be referred to as aform part.

The cards bearing the inside address data may I be referred to as thevariable, individual, address,

or supplementary data cards or records AC; the

supply magazine for cards AC may be referred to as magazine AS (Fig. 1),the receiving magazine for `cards AC may be referred to as magazine AD,and other parts peculiar-to the address cards may be referred to as theaddress, individual,

variable, or supplementary data partsf and the entire section containingthe address data parts and located to the right of the reading sectionperspective `view of the frame of I V(as viewed from the bottom ofthesheet bearing variously perforated for representing designationsaccording to av selected code. The twelve the address or inindexpositions of a column reading upwardlyare known as the 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4,3, 2, l, 0, X, and R positions. The perforations in thesey positions maybe referred to as the 9, 8 1, 0, X, and R perforations or points.

'I'he selected code represents designations by single vand combinationalhole points in the var-I ious card columns. The single pointdesignations lare represented by perforations 9, 8 10, X,'R. Aoccurringsinglyin a card column, and may be considered as' in the single pointzone. The 0 point plus a point v9 to 1 represent designations in the 0zone; the X point plus a point -9 to l, -represent designations in the Xzone; the -R point plus a, 9 to 1 point represent designations in the Rzone;'the X and 0 points plus a point 9 to .1 represent designa-l tionsof the X-O zone; and the X and R points plus a 9 to 1 point representdesignations of the -X-R zone. There is thus a total of six zones,

the single point zone, the 0, X, R, X0,' and X-R. zones. The commonpoints of the various' zones are points 9 to 1 which may be referred toas the intrazone or common points or' characteristics oi' the codeddesignations. The points 0, X, R, X-O and X-R Vmay be referred tojas thezone points or characteristics of the designations. In addition, thezone characteristic of the single point'zone may be considered as .theabsence of an, accompanying point or the presence of but a single holein a column.

In addition tothe designations represented by perforations in thecolumns, a blank or unpervforated column may be used to controlafunction of the typewriter or the controlled machine. The blank columnin that'case may be considered asrepresenting, denoting, or designatinga scapement lever 23 for lreleasing the escapement mechanism toeffect acarriage spacing movement.

Depression of space bar SP similarly results in downward movement of alink I6' to operate linkage 24 for actuatingthe escapement lever 23 tocause a carriage or letter space operation. The ribbon shiftingmechanism operated by key RS is such as disclosed in Patent No.1,937,048.

The carriage return mechanism operated by key CR is of the typedisclosed in Patent No.

1,955,614. As is usual, the carriage return movement is accompanied byline spacing operation. After the carriage has returned and a singleline spacing operation effected as an incident thereto, a repeateddepressionv of the carriage return fact used to control the typewriterfor a. certain function; specifically, a carriage or/character spacingoperation of the typewriter.

The typewriter` Although applicable to any ordinary typewriter, theinvention will be described. and shown in connection with a typewriterwhose principles are disclosed in Patents Nos. 1,777,055 and 1,873,512.

' Fig. 19 shows the are the character keys, key CR. the carriage returnkey, key TAB the tabulating key, key RS the ribbon shift key, bar SP thespace bar, key SL' the shift lock key, and key SR. the shift releasekey.

Briefly, referring to Figs. 19 and 21, depressioofsg key III releases alatch II from a cam I2, permitting a spring-pressedlever I3 to move thecam against the periphery of acontinuously rotating motor-driven shaftI4. I'he cam I2 is rotated'by contact with shaft I4 causing the carrierI5 of the cam to rock in a directionfor depressing a link I6 whichthrough linkage I1 propels the type bar I8, carried by the typebasketI9,'towards the platen 20 to effect printing of the character denoted onthe operated key. During the final increment of movement of type bar I6,it strikes a universal bar-22 to actuate the keyboard of which keys' mlkey merely causes an additional line space operation.

.The tabulating mechanism operated by key TAB is such as shown in PatentNo. 1,935,436, and includes the usual settable tabular stops 25 As iswell known, depression of the shift lock key SL moves the types fromsmall letter or numeral case to capital case position. The shift lockkey when depressed isi retained in operated position by a latch 26 (Fig.20) catching under a hook'26'. The shiftlock key is released by means ofa release key `SR. pivoted on the frame. Operation of key' SR. moveslink 21 to the right (Fig. 20) to release the latch 26 from the hook26', permitting key SL to immediately return to its elevatedpositioncausingQreturn of the types to numeral case position 'Element 28 is theusual settable vmarginal stop to stop -the carriage return movement whenthe beginning 4of the line has been reached.

supplementing the above, construction and peculiar to the presentinvention are solenoids 30, one for the 4space bar vand each ,of thevarious keys of the keyboard .required to be operated.

Energization of a'solenoid results in automatic mally closed contacts 32(Fig. 21) opened momentarily by operation of a lever 33 as a tab stop 25rides past the lever.

In'addition, normally closed contacts 34 (Figi. 2l) have been similarlyprovided to be opened -by'the marginal stop 26 when the carriage isreturned to the'beginning-ofuthe line.

As indicated in Fig. 20, contacts 36 have been providedwhich are carriedby 'spring blades 31 and 38. These contacts are normally closed when thetypes are in 'numeral case position. When shift lock key SL isdepressed, near the end of its down stroke, the rear end of the carryingbar of this key engages blade 38 and. opens contacts 36. 'I'hesecontacts remain open 'while the type basket is in capital case position,and reclose when the key SL is released by key SR and the type basketreturns to numeral case position.

Plan` of operation Each card is punched .preferably with the data y formletters. v

through the reading unit results in the typing of may be done bypunching each card with the carriage return code ina card columnIfollowing the card columns containing the codes for the information tobe transcribed from the card. 'I'he carriage return operation isaccompanied by a line space operation and prepares the typelowingcarriage returnv code columns 'merely' causing line spacing operations.

The Astaclr of form cardsFC has its cards arranged in the order in whichthe lines of typed `form matter corresponding to the cards are to betyped. The first, bottom, card of the form card stack is a date card, adifferent one of which must be prepared foreach day. 'Ihe staclr of formcards is to be used over and over again to .control the typewriter forprinting duplicate' Each run of the letter card stack a single formletter.

The address cards AC are. to be used but once for each series of formlettersto be typed. As illustrated in Fig. 23, the inside address,including the name and address of the sendee, occupies three lines; thusthere will be a series or'set of three different address cards for eachletter to be typed. 'Ihe sets of address cards are stacked in the orderin which they are to control :the typing of diierent inside addressesfor the successive form letters, the body of each of which is typedunder control of the single stack of form..

cards. Y v

Referring tolFig. 1, -the stack ofv form lcards FC is placed inmagazineFMand the stack containing a plurality of sets of address cards AC isplaced in address card supply magazine AS. 'Ihe cards inf the magazinesare 4disposed with their columns transverseto the' length of the readingunit. A card may be fed out of either magazine FM or -AS to the centralfeedl station FS of the reading unit, located between the supplyymagazines. 'The card is then advanced lengthwise along the centralsection lof the reading unit, and through the analyzing means which readthe card designations. The analyzing :means comprises a line or columnof twelve sensing brushes SB (Figs. 1, 3, 7, 11), one for each index.position of a cardolumn, and. a cooperating contact -roller"40(l5igs.Y'1, 3, 7). The card is'fed intermittently, one column at a, time,

through the analyzing means. The latter senses the designation ofl acolumn and controls the typewriter accordingly. The next card column isthen fed to the analyzing means.. After passing the analyzing means, thecard is advanced tc@ an eject station ES still along the centralsectionof the machine. The card, if an address card, is then ejectedinto delivery magazneAD. If. the card is a letter card, it is ejectedtowards the letter side or section of the reading unitA and thenreturned along t-he letterl section Ito the top of the stack in themagazine FM from whence it carne. I

After the stacks of cards have been placed in their magazines, the.operator .inserts a' letter section of the reading uni-t.

a form card from magazine FM to the central Accordingly, whenI themachine is set in operation, the first card fed out is the bottom formcard, which may also be referred to as the date card. This card bearsthe dateinformation followed in, succession by an addressv card calllcode and a high speed eject code. Afterv the date has been `typed undercontrol of the Adate card, the address call code onI the date card issensed by the' analyzingmeans.

This causes the next card fed out to bean address card. After theaddressl card has been called, the high speed eject code onthe date cardis sensed resulting in a carriage return operation, suppression ofintraline or letter spacing of the typewriter carriage and in the cardbeing fed out rapidly by a continuous, instead of by the normalintermittent, action of the feeding and ejecting means. l

In addition to the address call code calling the first address card outof magazine AS, it alsoy initiates a train of events. eventuallyleadingto ejection of the called address card to its magazine AD when theaddress card after it has been analyzed subsequently reaches ejectposition ES.`

The first address card bears the designations of the name of theaddresseeand, in addition,

the codes for address card call and high speed y eject. Thus, passage ofthe irst/address card through the reading section results in typingofthe rst line of the inside address and the the machine.

sheet in =the typewriter, and locates the date line in printingposition. The operator then initiates operation of the reading unit ormachine, in a calling out of the second .ad ess card; Thev latter bearsthe information. for the second line, of the inside address and anvaddress card call code. Thus, after typing of the second line of theinside address, the third address card is called out. This card has noaddress card call code but has an address end code which when analyzedr'estores the reading unit to normal operation for calling. out lettercards` Thus, after u printing of the third andiv last line of the insideaddress, the machine -reverts toits normal tendency for calling out formcards. The form cards -are `now called out in succession until the last.form card of the stack corresponding to the last line of the form partoi the letter passes through This last form card has a code denotingletter end. When this latter. code is analyzed, it results in stoppingthe machine* after passage of the last form card. Theloperator thenremoves the completed letter and inserts a new letter sheet in -thetypewriter, pressing the 'tab key a number of times to bring the dateline of the new sheet -into printing position. As the address cards ofthe first series passed through the reading unit, they were stacked intheir delivery magazine AD. 'I'he form cards have been returned to theirmagazine FM and are now stacked therein in the original order. Themagazine is then in condition forl writing a new form letter with a newinside address, designated on the next series of three address cards.

Drive mechanism of the reading unit YReferring to Figs. 2 and 4, the-drive means of the reading unit comprises a motor M, Through reductiongearing, motor MrotatesA pulley 4I connected by a driving belt 42 todriven pulley 43. As indicated in Fig. 7, pulley 43 is rotatably carriedby a sleeve 44 rigid with a ratchet wheel 45 and a clutch disk 46 (alsosee the schematic view, Fig. 8) having a single notch 46. Pulley, 43hasl a pawl 41 coacting with ratchet wheel A45 to provide a one-waydrive for sleevev '44.

